- Bakos, A.-.C. (2021). When Capital Meets Custom. (How) Can State-Controlled Enterprises Contribute to the Formation/Identification of Customary International (Investment) Law? Transnational Dispute Management, 6 (2020).
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2020). Book Review: The Future of Investment Treaty Arbitration in the EU: Intra-EU BITs, the Energy Charter Treaty, and the Multilateral Investment Court. Romanian Arbitration Journal, 14 (2020).
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2020). Special Economic Zones and Regulatory Advantages: Can Investors Legitimately Expect the Freezing of Such Incentives? Transnational Dispute Management, 5 (2020).
Contact details
Address
Northampton Square
London EC1V 0HB
United Kingdom
About
Overview
Alexandros's research focuses on security issues in international investment arbitration, with a particular emphasis on economic sanctions and their impact on foreign investors. Through his thesis, he analyses the extent to which international (investment) law protects foreign investors against the (economically) damaging effects of international sanctions: both multilateral, such as United Nations sanctions adopted pursuant to Chapter VII of the UN Charter, and unilateral, such as the sanctions adopted by major geopolitical powers such as the United States.
Alexandros's research is funded by City, University of London through its PhD scholarship, and is supervised by Professor David Collins and Dr. Lijun Zhao.
In parallel to his PhD studies, Alexandros works as a researcher at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, where he focuses on international economic law issues.
Before joining City, Alexandros worked as a research analyst engaged mostly with legal aspects concerning the enforcement and administration of economic sanctions - with a particular focus on the practice of the US Office for Foreign Assets Control.
Alexandros's research interests include general international law, international investment law and arbitration, the status of the individual in international law, human rights law, sanctions law, and geopolitics.
Qualifications
- LL.M. in Law and Economics, Utrecht University, Netherlands, Sep 2018 – Aug 2019
- LL.M. in International and Comparative Business Law, Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania, Oct 2017 – Sep 2018
- LL.B., Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania, Oct 2013 – Jul 2017
Employment
- Researcher in International Economic Law, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Sep 2022 – present
- Graduate Teaching Assistant, City, University of London, Feb 2022 – present
Research
2nd supervisor
- Dr Lijun Zhao, Senior Lecturer in Law
Publications
Publications by category
Chapters (2)
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2023). Nord Stream 2 and Energy Security in Europe: The Impact of Economic Sanctions. In Simões, J., Leandro, F.J., de Sousa, E.C. and Oberoi, R. (Eds.), Changing the Paradigm of Energy Geopolitics. Security, Resources, and Pathways in Light of Global Challenges Peter Lang.
- Bakos, A.-.C. and Baltag, C. (2019). Investment Arbitration: Indirect Expropriation in the Construction Sector. In Baltag, C. and Vasile, C. (Eds.), Construction Arbitration in Central and Eastern Europe: Contemporary Issues Wolters Kluwer.
Internet publications (6)
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2021). What Amounts to the 'Travaux Preparatoires' of a Treaty? The Cairn v. India Tribunal's Approach. The Arbitration Workshop.
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2021). Economic sanctions in International Investment Arbitration. Jus Mundi Wiki Notes.
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2020). Schrödinger's Investment: the EU's General Court Considered that the Compensation Ordered by the Micula Tribunal is Not a Form of State Aid (Although it Might as Well Have Been). EFILA Blog.
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2020). The Extraterritorial Application of the Fair and Equitable Standard: The 1955 US-Iran Treaty of Amity before the International Court of Justice.
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2019). The European Court of Human Rights and Workplace Surveillance: Where is Article 31(3)(c) VCLT? EJIL: Talk!.
- Bakos, A.-.C. (2018). Post-Achmea Energy Charter Treaty Coherence and Stability: Upheld or Hindered? EFILA Blog.
Journal articles (3)
Professional activities
Events/conferences (5)
- Beyond State Consent to International Jurisdiction - From Courts to Law. (Conference) Pluricourts, University of Oslo (2022). Panel Member.
Paper: Reimagining State Consent Vis-à-vis Security Issues in Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Author: Alexandros Bakos
Co-authors: Gautam Mohanty - Russian Aggression on Ukraine from the International Economic Law Perspective (European Society of International Law supported conference). (Conference) (2022). Panel Member. Invited speaker.
Paper: The Competence of Investment Arbitral Tribunals to Entertain Sanctions-Related Disputes
Author: Alexandros Bakos - 11th International Conference of the Postgraduate and Early Career Professionals/Academics of the Society of International Economic Law. (Conference) Birmingham (2022). Panel Member.
Paper: The Depoliticization of Investment Disputes - How Deep Does the "Rabbit Hole" Go?
Author: Alexandros Bakos
Co-authors: Gautam Mohanty - Linking Climate Change, Digitalisation, and Sustainability: Turning Foresights into Action in Times of Crisis. (Workshop) (2022). Panel Member.
Paper: International Investment Agreements and Sustainable Development
Author: Alexandros Bakos - The Interaction between Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and International Investment and Trade. (Conference) (2021). Panel Member. Invited speaker.
Paper: Special Economic Zones and Regulatory Advantages: Can Investors Legitimately Expect the Freezing of Such Incentives
Author: Alexandros Bakos