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Professor Richard Ashcroft

Executive Dean

The City Law School

Contact details

Address

Professor Richard Ashcroft T350, Law School Building
City, University of London
Northampton Square
London EC1V 0HB
United Kingdom

About

Overview

Richard Ashcroft joined City Law School in September 2019 as Deputy Dean and Professor of Bioethics. Previously he was Professor of Bioethics at Queen Mary, University of London, where had had been Deputy and Acting Head of the Department of Law. He is an expert on biomedical research ethics and public health ethics, with more than 200 publications in these fields. He has had numerous public roles, including most recently a year as an Alan Turing Fellow at the Alan Turing Institute (2018-19), working on ethics and artificial intelligence in healthcare.

Qualifications

  • PhD, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Sep 1990 – Dec 1995
  • BA (Hons), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Sep 1987 – Jul 1990

Employment

  • Chair, Senate Research Ethics Committee, University of London, Aug 2020 – present
  • Deputy Dean, City, University of London, Sep 2019 – present
  • Professor of Bioethics, City, University of London, Sep 2019 – present
  • Professor of Bioethics, Queen Mary University of London, Sep 2007 – Sep 2019
  • Professor of Biomedical Ethics, Queen Mary University of London, May 2006 – Aug 2007
  • Lecturer/Senior Lecturer/Reader in Medical Ethics, Imperial College London, Mar 2000 – Apr 2006
  • Lecturer in Ethics in Medicine, University of Bristol, Jan 1997 – Mar 2000
  • Research Fellow in Philosophy, University of Liverpool, Nov 1995 – Dec 1996

Languages

French (can read), German (can read) and Italian (can read, speak and understand spoken).

Publications

Publications by category

Books (3)

  • (2006). Principles of Health Care Ethics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-470-02713-4.
  • (2005). Case Analysis in Clinical Ethics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83549-7.
  • Part Introduction. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chapters (31)

  • Schüklenk, U. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2020). Affordable access to essential medication in developing countries: Conflicts between ethical and economic imperatives. Ethics and AIDS in Africa: The Challenge to Our Thinking (pp. 127–140). ISBN 978-1-315-42904-5.
  • Wallace, S.E. and Ashcroft, R. (2019). Ethical Issues in Statistical Genetics. (pp. 551–30). Wiley.
  • Schiiklenk, U. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2017). Affordable access to essential medication in developing countries: Conflicts between ethical and economic imperatives. Health, Rights and Globalisation (pp. 123–139). ISBN 978-0-7546-2590-2.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2017). Equipoise, knowledge and ethics in clinical research and practice. Human Experimentation and Research (pp. 433–445). ISBN 978-1-138-70960-7.
  • Benatar, S.R. and Ashcroft, R. (2017). International Perspectives on Resource Allocation. International Encyclopedia of Public Health (pp. 316–321). Elsevier.
  • Schüklenk, U. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2017). Affordable access to essential medication in developing countries: Conflicts between ethical and economic imperatives. Health Rights (pp. 279–295). ISBN 978-0-7546-2794-4.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2016). Ethical Issues in a Trial of Maternal Gene Transfer to Improve Foetal Growth. Research Ethics Forum (pp. 247–263). Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-26510-0.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2015). Bioethics: Philosophical Aspects. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 631–636). Elsevier.
  • (2015). CLINICAL RESEARCH CONTRACTING— A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE. In Outsourcing in Clinical Drug Development (pp. 71–84). CRC Press.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2015). Ethical considerations in outsourced clinical trials. Outsourcing in Clinical Drug Development (pp. 73–85). ISBN 978-1-57491-112-1.
  • Bell, J., Reed, K.D., Ashcroft, R., Witton, J. and Strang, J. (2012). Treating Opioid Dependence with Opioids. Addiction Neuroethics (pp. 57–74). Elsevier.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2012). Human Research Subjects, Selection of. Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (pp. 653–664). Elsevier.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2012). Health Technology Assessment. Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (pp. 556–565). Elsevier.
  • Bell, J., Reed, K.D., Ashcroft, R., Witton, J. and Strang, J. (2012). Treating opioid dependence with opioids: Exploring the ethics. Addiction Neuroethics: The ethics of addiction neuroscience research and treatment (pp. 57–74). ISBN 978-0-12-385973-0.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2011). Smoking, health and ethics. Public Health Ethics (pp. 85–99). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. and Dixon-Woods, M. (2011). The Social Forms and Functions of Bioethics in the United Kingdom. Bioethics Around the Globe (pp. 76–92). Oxford University Press.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2008). The Troubled Relationship Between Bioethics and Human Rights*. Law and Bioethics (pp. 31–51). Oxford University Press.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. and Viens, A.M. (2008). Clinical trials. The Cambridge Textbook of Bioethics (pp. 201–206). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ashcroft, R., Campbell, A.V. and Capps, B. (2007). Ethical Aspects of Developments in Neuroscience and Drug Addiction. Drugs and the Future (pp. 439–465). Elsevier.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2006). Race in medicine: From probability to categorical practice. The Nature of Difference: Science, Society and Human Biology (PBK) (pp. 135–153). ISBN 978-0-8493-2720-9.
  • Ashcroft, R., Campbell, A.V. and Capps, B. (2006). Ethical Aspects of Developments in Neuroscience and Drug Addiction. Drugs and the Future: Brain Science, Addiction and Society (pp. 439–465). ISBN 978-0-12-370624-9.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2005). Current Epistemological Problems in Evidence-based Medicine. Evidence-based Practice in Medicine and Health Care (pp. 77–85). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-540-22239-2.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2005). ‘Power, corruption and lies’: ethics and power. Case Analysis in Clinical Ethics (pp. 77–94). Cambridge University Press.
  • Parker, M., Ashcroft, R., Verkerk, M. and Widdershoven, G. (2005). Philosophical reflections. Case Analysis in Clinical Ethics (pp. 225–230). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ashcroft, R., Parker, M., Verkerk, M. and Widdershoven, G. (2005). Philosophical introduction: case analysis in clinical ethics. Case Analysis in Clinical Ethics (pp. 1–6). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2004). Bioethics. Gynecologic Cancer (pp. 855–863). Elsevier.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2001). Ethics of Clinical Trials: Social, Cultural and Economic Factors. The Advanced Handbook of Methods in Evidence Based Healthcare (pp. 25–37). SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. Genetic Information and “genetic Identity”. Genetic Information (pp. 207–218). Springer US. ISBN 978-0-306-46052-4.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. Ethics Issues in Statistical Genetics. Handbook of Statistical Genetics (pp. 1323–1345). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Corrigan, O. Genetic Databases. Routledge.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. The Ethics and Governance of Medical Research. Principles of Health Care Ethics (pp. 681–687). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Conference papers and proceedings (12)

  • Burman, M., Zenner, D., Copas, A., Gosce, L., White, P., Hickson, V. … Kunst, H. (2021). Is the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Amongst Recent Migrants Safe and Effective in Primary Care?
  • Burman, M., Zenner, D., Copas, A., Goscé, L., Haghparast-Bidgoli, H., White, P. … Kunst, H. (2021). S39 Is the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection amongst recent migrants safe and effective in primary care? British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2021 Online, Wednesday 24 to Friday 26 November 2021, Programme and Abstracts.
  • Tutton, R., Smart, A., Martin, P.A., Ashcroft, R. and Ellison, G.T.H. (2008). Genotyping the Future: Scientists' Expectations about Race/Ethnicity after BiDil.
  • Müller-Wille, S. and Rheinberger, H.-.J. (2008). Race and Genomics. Old Wine in New Bottles?
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2007). Scientific or Social Priorities for Brain Science? – Making a Difference.
  • Thiele, F. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2005). Bioethics in a small world.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2004). Further ethical and social issues in using a cocaine vaccine: response to Hall and Carter.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2004). Drugs symposium: introduction.
  • Ashcroft, R. (1999). To feed or not to feed? Ethical issues in nutritional support.
  • Ashcroft, R. (1999). Equipoise, Knowledge and Ethics in Clinical Research and Practice.
  • Ashcroft, R. (1998). One year on: LRECs & MRECs in the West Country: meeting report.
  • Thiele, F. and Ashcroft, R. Introduction.

Journal articles (151)

  • David, A.L., Ahmadzia, H., Ashcroft, R., Bucci-Rechtweg, C., Spencer, R.N. and Thornton, S. (2022). Improving Development of Drug Treatments for Pregnant Women and the Fetus. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science. doi:10.1007/s43441-022-00433-w.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. and Langley, T. (2021). Ethics and Harm Reduction Approaches in Tobacco Control. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(1), pp. 1–2. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa228.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2020). What I Haven't Been Reading During the Pandemic. BIOSOCIETIES, 15(3), pp. 471–472.
  • Fitzgerald, D., Ashcroft, R., Hollin, G., Karkazis, K., King, N.B., Landecker, H. … Wilson, E.A. (2020). Lockdown texts. BioSocieties, 15(3), pp. 470–499. doi:10.1057/s41292-020-00199-0.
  • Shaw, S., Hughes, G., Stephens, T., Pearse, R., Prowle, J., Ashcroft, R.E. … Everest, L. (2020). Understanding decision making about major surgery: protocol for a qualitative study of shared decision making by high-risk patients and their clinical teams. BMJ Open, 10(5). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033703.
  • Finer, S., Martin, H.C., Khan, A., Hunt, K.A., MacLaughlin, B., Ahmed, Z. … van Heel, D.A. (2019). Cohort Profile: East London Genes & Health (ELGH), a community based population genomics and health study of British-Bangladeshi and British-Pakistani people. International Journal of Epidemiology. doi:10.1093/ije/dyz174.
  • Clinch, M., Shaw, S., Ashcroft, R. and Swinglehurst, D. (2019). Liminality in practice: A case study in life sciences research. BioSocieties, 14(2), pp. 251–273. doi:10.1057/s41292-018-0128-x.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2018). Euthanasia and the nature of suffering in addiction. Addiction, 113(7), pp. 1183–1184. doi:10.1111/add.14130.
  • Cao, K.X., Booth, A., Ourselin, S., David, A.L. and Ashcroft, R. (2018). The legal frameworks that govern fetal surgery in the United Kingdom, European Union, and the United States. Prenatal Diagnosis, 38(7), pp. 475–481. doi:10.1002/pd.5267.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2018). Bioethics in historical perspective. New Genetics and Society, 37(1), pp. 88–89. doi:10.1080/14636778.2016.1223541.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2018). Law and the perils of philosophical grafts. Journal of Medical Ethics, 44(1), pp. 72–72. doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104319.
  • Lin, Y., Osman, M. and Ashcroft, R. (2017). Nudge: Concept, Effectiveness, and Ethics. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), pp. 293–306. doi:10.1080/01973533.2017.1356304.
  • Osman, M., Lin, Y. and Ashcroft, R. (2017). Nudging: A Lesson in the Theatrics of Choice. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), pp. 311–316. doi:10.1080/01973533.2017.1375929.
  • Gibbs, J., Gkatzidou, V., Tickle, L., Manning, S.R., Tilakkumar, T., Hone, K. … Estcourt, C.S. (2017). ‘Can you recommend any good STI apps?’ A review of content, accuracy and comprehensiveness of current mobile medical applications for STIs and related genital infections. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 93(4), pp. 234–235. doi:10.1136/sextrans-2016-052690.
  • Estcourt, C.S., Gibbs, J., Sutcliffe, L.J., Gkatzidou, V., Tickle, L., Hone, K. … Sonnenberg, P. (2017). The eSexual Health Clinic system for management, prevention, and control of sexually transmitted infections: exploratory studies in people testing for Chlamydia trachomatis. The Lancet Public Health, 2(4). doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30034-8.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2017). Incentives, Nudges and the Burden of Proof in Ethical Argument. Journal of Medical Ethics, 43(3), pp. 137–137. doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104198.
  • Gibbs, J., Sutcliffe, L.J., Gkatzidou, V., Hone, K., Ashcroft, R.E., Harding-Esch, E.M. … Estcourt, C.S. (2016). The eClinical Care Pathway Framework: a novel structure for creation of online complex clinical care pathways and its application in the management of sexually transmitted infections. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12911-016-0338-8.
  • Nicholls, S.G., Newson, A.J. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2016). The need for ethics as well as evidence in evidence-based medicine. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 77, pp. 7–10. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.05.006.
  • Rodogno, R., Krause-Jensen, K. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2016). ‘Autism and the good life’: a new approach to the study of well-being. Journal of Medical Ethics, 42(6), pp. 401–408. doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103595.
  • Sheppard, M., Spencer, R.N., Ashcroft, R. and David, A.L. (2016). Ethics and social acceptability of a proposed clinical trial using maternal gene therapy to treat severe early-onset fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 47(4), pp. 484–491. doi:10.1002/uog.15880.
  • Greenhalgh, T., Annandale, E., Ashcroft, R., Barlow, J., Black, N., Bleakley, A. … Ziebland, S. (2016). An open letter toThe BMJeditors on qualitative research. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bmj.i563.
  • Wild, V., Zion, D. and Ashcroft, R. (2015). Health of Migrants: Approaches from a Public Health Ethics Perspective. Public Health Ethics, 8(2), pp. 107–109. doi:10.1093/phe/phv017.
  • Leber, W., McMullen, H., Anderson, J., Marlin, N., Santos, A.C., Bremner, S. … Griffiths, C. (2015). Promotion of rapid testing for HIV in primary care (RHIVA2): a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV, 2(6). doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(15)00059-4.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2015). The ethics of an opt-out default in tobacco treatment. Addiction, 110(3), pp. 389–390. doi:10.1111/add.12820.
  • Britton, J., Bogdanovica, I., Ashcroft, R. and McNeill, A. (2014). Electronic cigarettes, smoking and population health. Clinical Medicine, 14(4), pp. 334–337. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.14-4-334.
  • Parke, H., Ashcroft, R., Brown, R., Marteau, T.M. and Seale, C. (2013). Financial incentives to encourage healthy behaviour: an analysis of UK media coverage. Health Expectations, 16(3), pp. 292–304. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00719.x.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2013). Doing good by stealth: comments on ‘Salvaging the concept of nudge’. Journal of Medical Ethics, 39(8), pp. 494–494. doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101109.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2013). Patents. . doi:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee511.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2013). TRIPS. . doi:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee535.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2013). Trade Secrets. . doi:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee705.
  • Saunders, R. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2012). Consumer genetics and addiction susceptibility testing-just what the consumer ordered. Addiction, 107(12), pp. 2075–2076. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03937.x.
  • Mein, G., Seale, C., Rice, H., Johal, S., Ashcroft, R.E., Ellison, G. … Tinker, A. (2012). Altruism and participation in longitudinal health research? Insights from the Whitehall II Study. Social Science & Medicine, 75(12), pp. 2345–2352. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.006.
  • Mein, G., Johal, S., Grant, R.L., Seale, C., Ashcroft, R. and Tinker, A. (2012). Predictors of two forms of attrition in a longitudinal health study involving ageing participants: An analysis based on the Whitehall II study. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 12(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-164.
  • Coutelle, C. and Ashcroft, R. (2012). Risks, Benefits and Ethical, Legal, and Societal Considerations for Translation of Prenatal Gene Therapy to Human Application. pp. 371–387. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-873-3_17.
  • Sinclair, J.M.A., Burton, A., Ashcroft, R. and Priebe, S. (2011). Clinician and service user perceptions of implementing contingency management: A focus group study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 119(1-2), pp. 56–63. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.016.
  • GREENHALGH, T., RUSSELL, J., ASHCROFT, R.E. and PARSONS, W. (2011). Why National eHealth Programs Need Dead Philosophers: Wittgensteinian Reflections on Policymakers’ Reluctance to Learn from History. Milbank Quarterly, 89(4), pp. 533–563. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00642.x.
  • Promberger, M., Brown, R.C.H., Ashcroft, R.E. and Marteau, T.M. (2011). Acceptability of financial incentives to improve health outcomes in UK and US samples. Journal of Medical Ethics, 37(11), pp. 682–687. doi:10.1136/jme.2010.039347.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2011). Personal financial incentives in health promotion: where do they fit in an ethic of autonomy? Health Expectations, 14(2), pp. 191–200. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00664.x.
  • Priebe, S., Bogic, M., Ashcroft, R., Franciskovic, T., Galeazzi, G.M., Kucukalic, A. … Ajdukovic, D. (2010). Experience of human rights violations and subsequent mental disorders – A study following the war in the Balkans. Social Science & Medicine, 71(12), pp. 2170–2177. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.029.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2010). Could Human Rights Supersede Bioethics? Human Rights Law Review, 10(4), pp. 639–660. doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngq037.
  • Priebe, S., Sinclair, J., Burton, A., Marougka, S., Larsen, J., Firn, M. … Ashcroft, R. (2010). Acceptability of offering financial incentives to achieve medication adherence in patients with severe mental illness: a focus group study. Journal of Medical Ethics, 36(8), pp. 463–468. doi:10.1136/jme.2009.035071.
  • David, A.L. and Ashcroft, R. (2010). Placental gene therapy. Poloznictwo Ginekologia i Medycyna Rozrodu, 4(2), pp. 194–197.
  • ASHCROFT, R. (2010). FUTURES FOR BIOETHICS? Bioethics, 24(5), pp. ii–ii. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2010.01821.x.
  • Priebe, S., Burton, A., Ashby, D., Ashcroft, R., Burns, T., David, A. … McCabe, R. (2009). Financial incentives to improve adherence to anti-psychotic maintenance medication in non-adherent patients - a cluster randomised controlled trial (FIAT). BMC Psychiatry, 9(1). doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-61.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2009). The Psychology of Repugnance and the Duty to Trust. The American Journal of Bioethics, 9(10), pp. 51–52. doi:10.1080/15265160902995091.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2009). Medical ethics and the healthcare rights of citizens and others. British Journal of General Practice, 59(567), pp. 720–721. doi:10.3399/bjgp09x472575.
  • David, A.L. and Ashcroft, R. (2009). Placental gene therapy. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 19(10), pp. 296–298. doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2009.06.002.
  • Ballantyne, A., Newson, A., Luna, F. and Ashcroft, R. (2009). Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Prenatal Diagnosis and Abortion for Congenital Abnormalities: Is It Ethical to Provide One Without the Other?” The American Journal of Bioethics, 9(8). doi:10.1080/15265160903032266.
  • Ballantyne, A., Newson, A., Luna, F. and Ashcroft, R. (2009). Prenatal Diagnosis and Abortion for Congenital Abnormalities: Is It Ethical to Provide One Without the Other? The American Journal of Bioethics, 9(8), pp. 48–56. doi:10.1080/15265160902984996.
  • Gilmore, A., Britton, J., Arnott, D., Ashcroft, R. and Jarvis, M. (2009). The potential role of snus products within a tobacco harm reduction strategy. Journal of Public Health, 31(2), pp. 311–311. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdp017.
  • Marteau, T.M., Ashcroft, R.E. and Oliver, A. (2009). Using financial incentives to achieve healthy behaviour. BMJ, 338(apr09 2). doi:10.1136/bmj.b1415.
  • Djulbegovic, B., Guyatt, G.H. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2009). Epistemologic Inquiries in Evidence-Based Medicine. Cancer Control, 16(2), pp. 158–168. doi:10.1177/107327480901600208.
  • O’Reilly, M., Dixon-Woods, M., Angell, E., Ashcroft, R. and Bryman, A. (2009). Doing accountability: a discourse analysis of research ethics committee letters. Sociology of Health & Illness, 31(2), pp. 246–261. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2008.01132.x.
  • Oliver, A.R., Marteau, T.M. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2009). Can financial carrots improve health? Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 14(1), pp. 1–2. doi:10.1258/jhsrp.2008.008132.
  • Gilmore, A.B., Britton, J., Arnott, D., Ashcroft, R. and Jarvis, M.J. (2008). The place for harm reduction and product regulation in UK tobacco control policy. Journal of Public Health, 31(1), pp. 3–10. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdn105.
  • Marteau, T.M., Oliver, A. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2008). Changing behaviour through state intervention. BMJ, 337(dec15 2). doi:10.1136/bmj.a2543.
  • Bhamra, S., Tinker, A., Mein, G., Ashcroft, R. and Askham, J. (2008). The retention of older people in longitudinal studies: A review of the literature. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 9(4), pp. 27–35. doi:10.1108/14717794200800025.
  • Dixon-Woods, M. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2008). Regulation and the social licence for medical research. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 11(4), pp. 381–391. doi:10.1007/s11019-008-9152-0.
  • van Delden, J.J.M., Ashcroft, R., Dawson, A., Marckmann, G., Upshur, R. and Verweij, M.F. (2008). The ethics of mandatory vaccination against influenza for health care workers. Vaccine, 26(44), pp. 5562–5566. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.002.
  • Ashcroft, R.E., Marteau, T.M. and Oliver, A. (2008). Incentive mechanisms require deeper understanding. BMJ, 337(7665), p. 311.
  • Ashcroft, R.E., Marteau, T.M. and Oliver, A. (2008). Incentive mechanisms require deeper understanding. BMJ, 337(aug06 1). doi:10.1136/bmj.a1135.
  • Street, J.M., Braunack-Mayer, A.J., Facey, K., Ashcroft, R.E. and Hiller, J.E. (2008). Virtual community consultation? Using the literature and weblogs to link community perspectives and health technology assessment. Health Expectations, 11(2), pp. 189–200. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2007.00484.x.
  • Smart, A., Tutton, R., Martin, P., Ellison, G.T.H. and Ashcroft, R. (2008). The Standardization of Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Science Editorials and UK Biobanks. Social Studies of Science, 38(3), pp. 407–423. doi:10.1177/0306312707083759.
  • Smart, A., Tutton, R., Ashcroft, R., Martin, P., Balmer, A., Elliot, R. … Ellison, G.T.H. (2008). Social Inclusivity VS Analytical Acuity? A Qualitative Study of UK Researchers Regarding the Inclusion of Minority Ethnic Groups in Biobanks. Medical Law International, 9(2), pp. 169–190. doi:10.1177/096853320800900205.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2008). Regulating Biomedical Enhancements in the Military. The American Journal of Bioethics, 8(2), pp. 47–49. doi:10.1080/15265160802015024.
  • Millar, M., Coast, J. and Ashcroft, R. (2008). Are meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection targets fair to those with other types of healthcare-associated infection or cost-effective? Journal of Hospital Infection, 69(1), pp. 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2008.01.035.
  • Angell, E.L., Bryman, A., Ashcroft, R.E. and Dixon-Woods, M. (2008). An analysis of decision letters by research ethics committees: the ethics/scientific quality boundary examined. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 17(2), pp. 131–136. doi:10.1136/qshc.2007.022756.
  • SCHÜKLENK, U.D.O. and ASHCROFT, R. (2007). HIV VACCINE TRIALS: RECONSIDERING THE THERAPEUTIC MISCONCEPTION AND THE QUESTION OF WHAT CONSTITUTES TRIAL RELATED INJURIES. Developing World Bioethics, 7(3), pp. ii–iv. doi:10.1111/dewb_210.x.
  • Dixon-Woods, M., Ashcroft, R.E., Jackson, C.J., Tobin, M.D., Kivits, J., Burton, P.R. … Samani, N.J. (2007). Beyond “misunderstanding”: Written information and decisions about taking part in a genetic epidemiology study. Social Science & Medicine, 65(11), pp. 2212–2222. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.08.010.
  • Ellison, G.T.H., Smart, A., Tutton, R., Outram, S.M., Ashcroft, R. and Martin, P. (2007). Racial Categories in Medicine: A Failure of Evidence-Based Practice? PLoS Medicine, 4(9). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040287.
  • Dixon-Woods, M., Angell, E., Ashcroft, R.E. and Bryman, A. (2007). Written work: The social functions of Research Ethics Committee letters. Social Science & Medicine, 65(4), pp. 792–802. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.046.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2007). Should genetic information be disclosed to insurers? No. BMJ, 334(7605), pp. 1197–1197. doi:10.1136/bmj.39216.425231.ad.
  • Angell, E.L., Jackson, C.J., Ashcroft, R.E., Bryman, A., Windridge, K. and Dixon-Woods, M. (2007). Is 'inconsistency' in research ethics committee decision-making really a problem? An empirical investigation and reflection. Clinical Ethics, 2(2), pp. 92–99. doi:10.1258/147775007781029500.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2007). Human rights and ethics in genomic research: rethinking the model. Pharmacogenomics, 8(4), pp. 391–395. doi:10.2217/14622416.8.4.391.
  • Hodgson, S., Sharifi, R., Richardson, G., Ashcroft, R., Aziz, A., Jackson, S. … Sala, M. (2007). Emerging concerns abour Iran's scientific and medical future. Clinical Medicine, 7(1), pp. 92–93. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.7-1-92a.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2006). Fair Rationing is Essentially Local: An Argument for Postcode Prescribing. Health Care Analysis, 14(3), pp. 135–144. doi:10.1007/s10728-006-0021-9.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2006). Individual freedom versus collective responsibility: an ethicist's perspective. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, 3(1). doi:10.1186/1742-7622-3-11.
  • Renshaw, A., Clarke, A., Diver, A.J., Ashcroft, R.E. and Butler, P.E.M. (2006). Informed consent for facial transplantation. Transplant International, 19(11), pp. 861–867. doi:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2006.00358.x.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. and Hedgecoe, A.M. (2006). Genetic databases and pharmacogenetics: introduction. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 37(3), pp. 499–502. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2006.06.008.
  • Aceijas, C., Oppenheimer, E., Stimson, G.V., Ashcroft, R.E., Matic, S. and Hickman, M. (2006). Antiretroviral treatment for injecting drug users in developing and transitional countries 1 year before the end of the ‘Treating 3 million by 2005. Making it happen. The WHO strategy’ (‘3by5’). Addiction, 101(9), pp. 1246–1253. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01509.x.
  • McKinstry, B., Ashcroft, R., Car, J., Freeman, G.K. and Sheikh, A. (2006). Interventions for improving patients' trust in doctors and groups of doctors. . doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004134.pub2.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2006). Getting what you pay for? International Journal of Drug Policy, 17(3), pp. 238–239. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.02.002.
  • Rhodes, M., Ashcroft, R., Atun, R.A., Freeman, G.K. and Jamrozik, K. (2006). Teaching evidence-based medicine to undergraduate medical students: a course integrating ethics, audit, management and clinical epidemiology. Medical Teacher, 28(4), pp. 313–317. doi:10.1080/01421590600624604.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2005). Making sense of dignity. Journal of Medical Ethics, 31(11), pp. 679–682. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.011130.
  • Williamson, E., Goodenough, T., Kent, J. and Ashcroft, R. (2005). Conducting research with children: the limits of confidentiality and child protection protocols. Children & Society, 19(5), pp. 397–409. doi:10.1002/chi.852.
  • Ashcroft, R.E., Newson, A.J. and Benn, P.M.W. (2005). Reforming research ethics committees. BMJ, 331(7517), pp. 587–588. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7517.587.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2005). Ethics committees and countries in transition: a figleaf for structural violence? BMJ, 331(7510), pp. 229–230. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7510.229.
  • ASHCROFT, R.E. (2005). ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL MEDICINES: A HOBBESIAN SOCIAL CONTRACT APPROACH. Developing World Bioethics, 5(2), pp. 121–141. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2005.00108.x.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. and Gui, K.P. (2005). Ethics and World Pictures in Kamm on Enhancement. The American Journal of Bioethics, 5(3), pp. 19–20. doi:10.1080/15265160591002674.
  • Newson, A.J. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2005). Whither Authenticity? The American Journal of Bioethics, 5(3), pp. 53–55. doi:10.1080/15265160591002863.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2005). Born with Two Mothers. BMJ, 330(7497), pp. 969–969. doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7497.969.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2005). Standing up for the medical rights of asylum seekers. Journal of Medical Ethics, 31(3), pp. 125–126. doi:10.1136/jme.2005.011742.
  • (2005). Quality of Life as the Basis of Health Care Resource Allocation: A Philosopher's Perspective on QALYs. AMA Journal of Ethics, 7(2). doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2005.7.2.pfor4-0502.
  • Ashcroft, R., Burwood, S., Kennedy, J.B., Papineau, D. and Schultz, B. (2005). Head hurters. The Philosophers' Magazine, (30), pp. 57–61. doi:10.5840/tpm20053083.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2004). Gene therapy in the clinic: whose risks? Trends in Biotechnology, 22(11), pp. 560–563. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.09.007.
  • (2004). Questions and answers. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 9(4), pp. 256–256. doi:10.1258/1355819042250258.
  • Edwards, S.J.L., Ashcroft, R. and Kirchin, S. (2004). Research Ethics Committees: Differences and Moral Judgement. Bioethics, 18(5), pp. 408–427. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2004.00407.x.
  • Cervi, P.L., Randev, P., Shaw, J.M., Drage, S.M., Ashcroft, R.E., Bury, B. … Twisselmann, B. (2004). Balancing benefits and harms in health care [1] (multiple letters). British Medical Journal, 329(7463), pp. 457–459.
  • Wardlaw, M. (2004). Effectiveness of cycle helmets and the ethics of legislation. JRSM, 97(8), pp. 409–410. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.8.409.
  • Butler, P.E.M., Clarke, A. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2004). Face Transplantation: When and for Whom? The American Journal of Bioethics, 4(3), pp. 16–17. doi:10.1080/15265160490496589.
  • Sheikh, A., Cook, A. and Ashcroft, R. (2004). Making cycle helmets compulsory: ethical arguments for legislation. JRSM, 97(6), pp. 262–265. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.6.262.
  • Thorburn, G., Hettiaratchy, S., Ashcroft, R. and Butler, P.E.M. (2004). Patient Selection for Facial Transplantation III: Ethical Considerations. International Journal of Surgery, 2(2), pp. 118–119. doi:10.1016/s1743-9191(06)60062-9.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2004). Current epistemological problems in evidence based medicine. Journal of Medical Ethics, 30(2), pp. 131–135. doi:10.1136/jme.2003.007039.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2004). Ethics, philosophy, and evidence based medicine. Journal of Medical Ethics, 30(2), pp. 119–119. doi:10.1136/jme.2003.007286.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2004). Bioethics and conflicts of interest. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 35(1), pp. 155–165. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2003.12.011.
  • ASHCROFT, R.E. (2004). From Public Interest to Political Justice. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 13(01). doi:10.1017/s0963180104131058.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2004). . Arthritis Research & Therapy, 6(6), pp. 237–237. doi:10.1186/ar1442.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2003). Counterpoint: On Not Wanting to Be Injured and Insulted. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 14(3), pp. 181–184. doi:10.1177/10442073030140030801.
  • Ashcroft, R., Goodenough, T., Williamson, E. and Kent, J. (2003). Children's Consent to Research Participation: Social Context and Personal Experience Invalidate Fixed Cutoff Rules. The American Journal of Bioethics, 3(4), pp. 16–18. doi:10.1162/152651603322614436.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2003). The Ethics and Governance of Medical Research: What does regulation have to do with morality? New Review of Bioethics, 1(1), pp. 41–58. doi:10.1080/1740028032000131413.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2003). In vitro fertilisation for all? BMJ, 327(7414), pp. 511–512. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.511.
  • Levine, A.M. (2003). The treatment of AIDS-related cancers. The Lancet Oncology, 4(9), pp. 576–581. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(03)01198-7.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2003). Bach to the future: response to: Extending preimplantation genetic diagnosis: medical and non-medical uses. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(4), pp. 217–219. doi:10.1136/jme.29.4.217.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2003). Kant, Mill, Durkheim? Trust and autonomy in bioethics and politics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 34(2), pp. 359–366. doi:10.1016/s1369-8486(03)00023-2.
  • Hickman, M. (2003). Drug-Related Mortality and Fatal Overdose Risk: Pilot Cohort Study of Heroin Users Recruited From Specialist Drug Treatment Sites in London. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 80(2), pp. 274–287. doi:10.1093/jurban/jtg030.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2003). The double helix 50 years on: models, metaphors, and reductionism. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(2), pp. 63–64. doi:10.1136/jme.29.2.63.
  • Goodenough, T., Williamson, E., Kent, J. and Ashcroft, R. (2003). ?What did you think about that?? Researching children's perceptions of participation in a longitudinal genetic epidemiological study. Children & Society, 17(2), pp. 113–125. doi:10.1002/chi.739.
  • Hurwitz, B. (2003). Erectile dysfunction: NHS should meet current need before preventing future medical needs. BMJ, 326(7389), pp. 598–598. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7389.598.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2003). Journal club feature. Palliative Medicine, 17(2), pp. 222–224. doi:10.1191/0269216303pm687xx.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2003). American biofutures: ideology and utopia in the Fukuyama/Stock debate. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(1), pp. 59–62. doi:10.1136/jme.29.1.59.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2003). Rules of evidence. The Lancet, 361(9354), pp. 355–355. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12338-0.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2003). . Health Care Analysis, 11(1), pp. 3–13. doi:10.1023/a:1025329811812.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2002). Ethics and pluralism [10]. New Scientist, 175(2355), p. 27.
  • Kent, J., Williamson, E., Goodenough, T. and Ashcroft, R. (2002). Social Science Gets the Ethics Treatment: Research governance and ethical review. Sociological Research Online, 7(4), pp. 1–15. doi:10.5153/sro.755.
  • Swift, T.L., Ashcroft, R.E., Tadd, W., Campbell, A.V. and Dieppe, P.A. (2002). Living well through chronic illness: The relevance of virtue theory to patients with chronic osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 47(5), pp. 474–478. doi:10.1002/art.10664.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2002). Website of the week: Searching for the good doctor. BMJ, 325(7366), pp. 719–719. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7366.719.
  • Sheikh, A., Smeeth, L. and Ashcroft, R. (2002). Randomised controlled trials in primary care: Scope and application. British Journal of General Practice, 52(482), pp. 746–751.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2002). What is clinical effectiveness? Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 33(2), pp. 219–233. doi:10.1016/s0039-3681(02)00020-1.
  • Sch�klenk, U. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2002). Affordable Access to Essential Medication in Developing Countries: Conflicts Between Ethical and Economic Imperatives1. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 27(2), pp. 179–195. doi:10.1076/jmep.27.2.179.2989.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2002). Commentary: Biomedical research, trade policy and international health: beyond medical ethics. Social Science & Medicine, 54(7), pp. 1143–1144. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00328-8.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2001). Responsibilities of sponsors are limited in premature discontinuation of trials. BMJ, 323(7303), pp. 53–53. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.53.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2001). The Family: Organic and Mechanistic Solidarity. American Journal of Bioethics, 1(3), pp. 22–23. doi:10.1162/152651601750417865.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2001). Ethics behind closed doors: do research ethics committees need secrecy? BMJ, 322(7297), pp. 1294–1296. doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1294.
  • Slowther, A. (2001). Clinical ethics committees: a worldwide development. Journal of Medical Ethics, 27(90001), pp. 1–1. doi:10.1136/jme.27.suppl_1.i1.
  • Peet, A. (2001). Differential diagnoses for asthma should include mediastinal masses. BMJ, 322(7281), pp. 302–302. doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7281.302.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2001). Money, Consent, and Exploitation in Research. American Journal of Bioethics, 1(2), pp. 62–63. doi:10.1162/152651601300169158.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2001). How does empathy develop? The Lancet, 357(9250), pp. 153–153. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71197-1.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2000). Erratum: The ethics of reusing archived tissue for research (Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology (2000) 26 (408-411)). Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 26(6), p. 572.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2000). The ethics of reusing archived tissue for research. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 26(5), pp. 408–411. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2000.00276.x.
  • Street, K. (2000). The decision making process regarding the withdrawal or withholding of potential life-saving treatments in a children's hospital. Journal of Medical Ethics, 26(5), pp. 346–352. doi:10.1136/jme.26.5.346.
  • (2000). Richard Ashcroft. The Lancet, 356(9227), pp. 440–440. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)73595-9.
  • Ashcroft, R. (2000). Giving medicine a fair trial. BMJ, 320(7251), pp. 1686–1686. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7251.1686.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. and Goddard, P.R. (2000). Ethical issues in teleradiology. The British Journal of Radiology, 73(870), pp. 578–582. doi:10.1259/bjr.73.870.10911778.
  • Schüklenk, U. and Ashcroft, R. (2000). The ethics of reproductive and therapeutic cloning (research). Monash Bioethics Review, 19(2), pp. 33–44. doi:10.1007/bf03351234.
  • Schücklenk, U. and Ashcroft, R. (2000). International Research Ethics. Bioethics, 14(2), pp. 158–172. doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00187.
  • Hutton, J.L. and Ashcroft, R.E. (2000). . Health Care Analysis, 8(1), pp. 41–53. doi:10.1023/a:1009421824028.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2000). . Health Care Analysis, 8(4), pp. 377–394. doi:10.1023/a:1026595216507.
  • Ashcroft, R.E. (2000). . Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 3(3), pp. 285–293. doi:10.1023/a:1026473829939.
  • (1998). Teaching medical ethics and law within medical education: a model for the UK core curriculum. Journal of Medical Ethics, 24(3), pp. 188–192. doi:10.1136/jme.24.3.188.
  • Ashcroft, , Chadwick, , Clark, , Edwards, , Frith, and Hutton, (1997). Implications of socio-cultural contexts for the ethics of clinical trials. Health Technology Assessment, 1(9). doi:10.3310/hta1090.
  • Ashcroft, R. and Toth, B. (1997). Informed consent. Research suffers if patients suspect that their rights may be breached. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 315(7102), p. 252.