Skip to:

  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to accessibility
City, University of London
  • Student Hub
  • Staff Hub
Search
Menu
Home
  • Prospective students
    • Courses
      • Undergraduate degrees
      • Apprenticeships
      • Foundation courses
      • Postgraduate taught degrees
      • Postgraduate research degrees
      • Short courses
      • Professional development courses
      • City Health courses
    • Apply
      • Entry requirements
      • How to apply
        • Undergraduate
        • Apprenticeship
        • Information for teachers
        • Postgraduate taught
        • Postgraduate research
          • Preparing your application
            • Preparing your research proposal
          • All PhD research projects
        • Booking Short Courses
          • Business and Management Short Courses
          • Computing Short Courses
          • Creative Industry Short Courses
          • Creative Writing Short Courses
            • The Novel Studio published alumni
          • Law Short Courses
          • Modern Languages Short Courses
      • Prospectus
        • Undergraduate
        • Postgraduate
      • Visas
        • Student visas
          • Applying from outside the UK
          • Applying from within the UK
          • Applying for a dependant visa
          • Preparing your application
          • Working in the UK
        • Standard Visitor visas
          • How to apply for a Standard Visitor Visa
          • Non-visa nationals
        • ATAS certificates
        • Brexit and European nationals
      • Study abroad programmes
        • Study abroad programme
        • Partnership programme
      • Clearing
        • Applying through Clearing
      • Alternative entry routes
        • Foundation programmes
        • Second-year students
        • Work experience
      • Contact Admissions
    • Finance
      • Funding options
      • Earn while you learn
      • How to pay
        • Payment methods
        • Fee schedules
        • Deposit refunds
      • Additional expenses
    • Accommodation and housing
      • Compare residential halls
      • Applying for halls
        • Undergraduate
        • Postgraduate
        • Clearing
      • Paying for halls
      • Private accommodation
        • Finding a place to live
        • Accommodation for families
      • Short-term accommodation
    • Open events and fairs
      • Campus tours
      • Online chats
        • Undergraduate online events
        • Postgraduate online events
        • Ask a student
      • University fairs
    • Student life
      • London experience
      • Local area
      • Sports
        • Sport clubs
        • Non-competitive sport
        • Competitive sport
      • Social activities and groups
      • Religion
      • Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer plus
      • Volunteering
      • Student wellbeing
        • Mental health counselling
        • Learning support
        • Young, estranged students
        • Care leavers
        • Young adult carers
        • Personal tutoring programme
      • Learn another language
    • Career development
      • Placements, internships and employment opportunities
        • Micro-placements
      • Career pathways
      • Job prospects and graduate destinations
      • Careers team
    • Subjects
  • Research
    • Research centres and groups
    • Research impact
      • Research Excellence Framework
      • Research case studies
    • Research strategy
    • Research support
      • Grants and funding
      • Integrity and ethics
        • Research ethics
          • Principles
          • Approval process
          • Approval outcomes and appeals
          • External ethics approvals
        • Ethics guidance and resources
          • Participant information and consent
          • Recruiting participants from City
          • Records management
          • Research conducted abroad
          • FAQ
        • Research integrity
          • Framework for good practice in research
          • Research misconduct
      • Research data
        • Managing active research data
        • Digital research data and Figshare
      • Researcher development
    • Doctoral College
      • Funding and scholarships
      • Essential information
      • Meet the Team
      • Training and Development
        • Researcher Development Programme (DRDP)
      • Research Supervisors
  • For businesses
    • Start your business
      • Develop your startup idea
        • One-to-one startup advice
        • The Good Entrepreneur Festival
        • Startup Camp
        • Startup Seminars
        • Side Hustle
        • CitySpark Workshops
      • Launch your startup
        • Start-up visa
        • Launch Lab
    • Grow your business
      • Fund your business
      • Hire an academic consultant
      • Purchase our intellectual property
      • Companies formed
    • Develop your people
      • Bespoke training
      • My Home Life England
      • Degree apprenticeships for business
        • What is the apprenticeship levy?
    • Business impact case studies
    • Access our student talent
      • Recruit with us
      • Meet and support our students
        • Become a mentor
        • Employer engagement events
        • Micro-Placements
        • Industry Led Projects
      • Information for placement partners
        • Speech and Language Therapy training
  • Alumni and supporters
    • Alumni benefits
    • Global alumni network
      • Networks and Groups
        • City Alumni LinkedIn groups
        • MENA Alumni Board
        • US Alumni Board
      • Alumni Ambassadors
      • Special Interest Groups
      • Alumni News and stories
      • Alumni Events
    • Contact Alumni Relations
    • Support City
      • Donate to City
      • Volunteering
      • Your impact
  • News and events
    • News
    • Events
    • Social media directory
      • City social accounts
        • WeChat social accounts
      • School and Departmental accounts
  • About us
    • Schools and Departments
      • School of Policy & Global Affairs
        • About the School
          • Athena Swan
        • Department of Economics
        • Department of International Politics
        • Department of Sociology and Criminology
          • Postgraduate Sociology at City
      • School of Communication & Creativity
        • About the School
          • Athena Swan
          • Creatives in Residence
        • Department of Journalism
          • James Cameron Memorial Lecture
            • Lectures
            • Special awards
            • Winners
        • Department of Media, Culture and Creative Industries
          • English, Publishing and Creative Writing
          • Culture and the Creative Industries
          • Library and Information Science
          • Media and Communications
        • Department of Performing Arts
        • The Centre for Language Studies
      • Bayes Business School
      • School of Health & Psychological Sciences
        • About the School
          • Athena SWAN
          • Selection Process
          • Occupational Health Checks
          • Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) enhanced check (formerly CRB)
          • MSc Nursing - RPL
          • Reference request
        • Department of Health Services Research and Management
          • Health Services Management at City
        • Department of Language and Communication Science
        • Department of Midwifery and Radiography
          • Radiography undergraduate learning contract
          • Postgraduate Midwifery at City
          • Radiography at City
        • Department of Nursing
        • Department of Optometry and Visual Sciences
        • Department of Psychology
      • School of Science & Technology
        • About the School
          • Athena SWAN
          • Aviation Management at City
          • Civil Engineering at City
          • Computer Science at City
          • Cyber Security MSc courses at City
          • Energy MSc courses at City
          • Library and Information Science at City
          • Maritime Management at City
          • Placements and internships
            • Placement and internship schemes
        • Department of Computer Science
        • Department of Mathematics
          • Potential PhD projects
        • Department of Engineering
      • The City Law School
        • Academic programmes
          • Undergraduate degree LLB
          • Graduate Entry Law GE LLB
          • Graduate Diploma in Law GDL
          • Master of Laws (LLM)
        • Professional programmes
        • Research and Scholarships
        • Athena Swan in The City Law School
        • Equality, Diversity and Inclusion at The City Law School
        • Barrister training
          • Bar Training
          • Pupillage Advice Service
        • Solicitor training
          • Future Solicitors Careers Advice Service (FSCAS)
          • The Solicitors' Qualifying Exam (SQE)
        • Law in real life (Law IRL)
          • Legal work placements
          • Court visits
          • Mock Trials
        • About The School
          • Prizes from The City Law School
          • Global Engagement
      • Dubai Centre
    • History
    • People
      • Academics
      • Research students
      • Students
      • Honorary graduates
      • Past students
      • Professional Services staff
      • International agents and representatives
      • Senior people
      • Extraordinary women
    • Facilities
      • Campuses
      • Libraries
      • Gym
      • University of London facilities
      • Specialist facilities
    • Work for us
      • Apply
      • Benefits
      • Career development
    • Vision and Strategy
      • Academic excellence
        • Rankings
        • Education
          • Flexible learning spaces
          • Active and collaborative learning
          • Term dates
        • Student statistics
      • Equality, diversity and inclusion
        • Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Strategy
        • Data and objectives
        • Staff networks
        • Digital Accessibility
      • Sustainable development
        • Get involved
        • Environmental Impact and Performance
      • Civic engagement
      • Social responsibility
        • Social responsibility in our outreach
        • Social responsibility in action
    • Governance and legal
      • Charter and Statutes
      • Rector
      • Council
        • Audit and Risk Committee
        • Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee
        • Remuneration Committee
        • Strategy and Finance Committee
        • Development Committee
      • Senate
        • Board of Studies
        • Collaborative Provision Committee
        • Educational Quality Committee
        • Research and Enterprise Committee
        • Senate Research Ethics Committee
      • Executive leadership
      • Financial statements
        • Financial Summary
      • Legal documents and policies
      • Committees
    • Global City
    • Contact us and find us
      • Find us
      • Contact us
      • Staff directory
    • Guidance on Coronavirus
      • Admissions advice during coronavirus
        • Coronavirus accommodation information
      • Latest updates
      • Advice for visitors to our campus
  • Student Hub
  • Staff Hub
  • Prospective students
    Prospective students
    • Courses
      • Undergraduate degrees
      • Apprenticeships
      • Foundation courses
      • Postgraduate taught degrees
      • Postgraduate research degrees
      • Short courses
      • Professional development courses
      • City Health courses
    • Apply
      • Entry requirements
      • How to apply
      • Prospectus
      • Visas
      • Study abroad programmes
      • Clearing
      • Alternative entry routes
      • Contact Admissions
    • Finance
      • Funding options
      • Earn while you learn
      • How to pay
      • Additional expenses
    • Accommodation and housing
      • Compare residential halls
      • Applying for halls
      • Paying for halls
      • Private accommodation
      • Short-term accommodation
    • Open events and fairs
      • Campus tours
      • Online chats
      • University fairs
    • Student life
      • London experience
      • Local area
      • Sports
      • Social activities and groups
      • Religion
      • Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer plus
      • Volunteering
      • Student wellbeing
      • Learn another language
    • Career development
      • Placements, internships and employment opportunities
      • Career pathways
      • Job prospects and graduate destinations
      • Careers team
    • Subjects
  • Research
    Research
    • Research centres and groups
    • Research impact
      • Research Excellence Framework
      • Research case studies
    • Research strategy
    • Research support
      • Grants and funding
      • Integrity and ethics
      • Research data
      • Researcher development
    • Doctoral College
      • Funding and scholarships
      • Essential information
      • Meet the Team
      • Training and Development
      • Research Supervisors
  • For businesses
    For businesses
    • Start your business
      • Develop your startup idea
      • Launch your startup
    • Grow your business
      • Fund your business
      • Hire an academic consultant
      • Purchase our intellectual property
      • Companies formed
    • Develop your people
      • Bespoke training
      • My Home Life England
      • Degree apprenticeships for business
    • Business impact case studies
    • Access our student talent
      • Recruit with us
      • Meet and support our students
      • Information for placement partners
  • Alumni and supporters
    Alumni and supporters
    • Alumni benefits
    • Global alumni network
      • Networks and Groups
      • Alumni Ambassadors
      • Special Interest Groups
      • Alumni News and stories
      • Alumni Events
    • Contact Alumni Relations
    • Support City
      • Donate to City
      • Volunteering
      • Your impact
  • News and events
    News and events
    • News
    • Events
    • Social media directory
      • City social accounts
      • School and Departmental accounts
  • About us
    About us
    • Schools and Departments
      • School of Policy & Global Affairs
      • School of Communication & Creativity
      • Bayes Business School
      • School of Health & Psychological Sciences
      • School of Science & Technology
      • The City Law School
      • Dubai Centre
    • History
    • People
      • Academics
      • Research students
      • Students
      • Honorary graduates
      • Past students
      • Professional Services staff
      • International agents and representatives
      • Senior people
      • Extraordinary women
    • Facilities
      • Campuses
      • Libraries
      • Gym
      • University of London facilities
      • Specialist facilities
    • Work for us
      • Apply
      • Benefits
      • Career development
    • Vision and Strategy
      • Academic excellence
      • Equality, diversity and inclusion
      • Sustainable development
      • Civic engagement
      • Social responsibility
    • Governance and legal
      • Charter and Statutes
      • Rector
      • Council
      • Senate
      • Executive leadership
      • Financial statements
      • Legal documents and policies
      • Committees
    • Global City
    • Contact us and find us
      • Find us
      • Contact us
      • Staff directory
    • Guidance on Coronavirus
      • Admissions advice during coronavirus
      • Latest updates
      • Advice for visitors to our campus
  1. Home
  2. …
  3. People
  4. Academics
  5. Dr Kizito Salako
People
  • Academics
  • Research students
  • Students
  • Honorary graduates
  • Past students
  • Professional Services staff
  • International agents and representatives
  • Senior people
  • Extraordinary women
photo of Kizito Salako

Dr Kizito Salako

Lecturer in Computer Science

School of Science & Technology Department of Computer Science

Contact details

  • +44 (0)20 7040 0112
  • k.o.salako@city.ac.uk

Address

Dr Kizito Salako A309B, College Building [A]
City, University of London
Northampton Square
London EC1V 0HB
United Kingdom
  • About
  • Research
  • Publications

About

Overview

Dr Kizito Salako is an applied mathematician and software developer at the Centre for Software Reliability (CSR), City University London. He holds a first-class double honours degree in Mathematics and Statistics from the University of Lagos; a Master of Advanced Study in Mathematics degree from the University of Cambridge (where he was both a Shell Centenary Scholar and a Commonwealth Scholar); and a PhD in Computer Science from City, University of London.

Kizito is passionate about applications of probability theory, Bayesian statistics, geometry and machine-learning techniques, when trying to simulate, assess and forecast the (failure) behaviour of software-based systems. His doctoral thesis clarifies and significantly extends the applicability of a family of probabilistic models used to describe the failure behaviour of multi-version software. He also developed a novel geometric approach to extremising the expected system reliability of a class of fault-tolerant software-based systems; so-called 1-out-of-N systems. Currently, he is particularly interested in the assessment/forecasting challenges that arise when these systems rely on evolving machine-learning solutions.

Since joining CSR, Kizito has contributed to several projects (e.g. DISPO, DIRC, IRRIIS, PIA-FARA, AFTER, DIDERO-PC, DISIEM). He is experienced in building simulations of complex systems using C++, and was instrumental in developing the PIA-FARA simulation engine -- creating modular software that implements and analyses the probabilistic, functional and process relationships that may exist between the components of large-scale interdependent complex critical infrastructure.

Research

Research Interests

Quantitative assessment of the dependability of software-based systems (in particular, systems that are complex, safety/security critical, and that may rely on evolving machine learning solutions):

The development, validation and application of advanced statistical approaches for dependability assessment;
Conservative Bayesian assessment methods, that take into account various forms of dependability evidence when assessing system dependability;
Monte-Carlo methods for simulating complex systems (where these systems are modelled as Generalised Semi-Markov and Markov Regenerative Processes);
The combined use of probabilistic conditional independence relations and physics models in modelling interdependencies between complex systems
The efficacy (in terms of improved reliability) of using diverse-redundant software in fault-tolerant configurations


Statistical forecasting/analyses of system risk, dependability and cyber-security issues:

Investigating the impact of software development strategies on system reliability;
Studying the efficacy of mitigation strategies for a system under cyber-attack;
Studying the efficacy of diverse redundant system architectures in mitigating cyber-attacks, and the implications of such strategies for the likelihood of confidentiality and integrity breaches;

Research Projects

Kizito has collaborated on several national and international research projects. Details of these projects can be found here. The projects include:

DISIEM (funded by the EU horizon-2020 program) Diversity Enhancements for Security Information and Events Management Systems, 2016–2019
CEDRICS (funded by the UK’s EPSRC) Communicating and Evaluating Cyber–Risks and Dependencies, 2014–2017
AFTER (EU funded FP7 project) A Framework for sysTems vulnerability identification, dEfence and Restoration, 2011–2014
DIDERO-PC (funded by the UK’s EPSRC) DIverse DatabasE ReplicatiOn Performance Comparison, 2013–2014
PIA-FARA (funded by the UK’s Technology Strategy Board) Probabilistic Interdependency Analysis: Framework/data-Analysis/Risk–Assessment, 2009–2010
CETIFS (funded by the UK’s Technology Strategy Board) A Critical Infrastructure Interdependency Modelling Feasibility Study, 2008
IRRIIS (EU funded FP6 Project) Integrated Risk–Reduction of Information-based Infrastructure Systems, 2006–2009
DIRC (funded by the UK’s EPSRC) Dependability Integrated Research Collaboration, 2000–2006

Mathematical Interests

Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics:

measure theoretic probability – probability spaces, integration, conditional expectation, characteristic functions, Radon-Nikodym derivatives and change-of-measure;
stochastic models and processes – filtered probability spaces; stationary/non-stationary; time-series analyses; point processes; order-statistics models; Gaussian processes; Markov processes (Markov chains, Markov renewal processes, Markov reward processes, Markov decision processes, hidden Markov models); hybrid stochastic/deterministic models;
stochastic analysis – convergence of random variables, stochastic calculus/stochastic differential equations (Ito-calculus, jump-diffusion processes);
statistical (Bayesian) inference and modelling – parametric and non-parameteric; estimation theory; posterior predictive distributions; prequential/statistical forecasting systems; asymptotic theory (Slutsky’s theorem, delta-method, portmanteau theorem, weak/strong laws); hypothesis testing; goodness-of-fit analyses; ROC techniques;

Machine Learning Approaches and Considerations: supervised learning (Regression, GLMs, SVMs, ANNs, CNNs, LSTMs); deep reinforcement learning (approximate Q-learning, temporal difference methods)
Mathematical Finance: mean-variance portfolio theory; CAPM, option-pricing, Wiener processes/Brownian motion, Martingales, risk-neutral measures, the Black-Scholes model;
Mathematical Analysis and Vector-Space Theory: real and complex analysis; metric spaces; infinite-dimensional vector-spaces – functional analysis (Banach/Hilbert spaces); finite-dimensional vector-spaces – linear/multilinear algebra, differential geometry/calculus on manifolds, tensor calculus; applications of fixed-point theorems; non-linear dynamical systems theory;
Mathematical/Statistical Optimisation: linear programming, convex optimisation, stochastic gradient methods, dynamic programming, simulated annealing, steepest descent;

Publications

Publications by category

Chapters (2)

  • In Flammini, F. (Ed.), (2019). Resilience of Cyber-Physical Systems. In Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-95596-4.
  • Netkachov, O., Popov, P. and Salako, K. (2019). Quantitative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Defence-in-Depth in Critical Infrastructures. Resilience of Cyber-Physical Systems (pp. 89–121). Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-95596-4.

Conference papers and proceedings (9)

  • Chakherlou, R.A., Salako, K. and Strigini, L. (2022). Arguing safety of an improved autonomous vehicle from safe operation before the change: new results. 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW) 31 Oct 2022 – 3 Nov 2022. doi:10.1109/issrew55968.2022.00085
  • Salako, K., Strigini, L. and Zhao, X. (2021). Conservative Confidence Bounds in Safety, from Generalised Claims of Improvement & Statistical Evidence. 2021 51st Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) 21-24 June. doi:10.1109/dsn48987.2021.00055
  • Salako, K. (2020). Loss-Size and Reliability Trade-Offs Amongst Diverse Redundant Binary Classifiers. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59854-9_8
  • Zhao, X., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Salako, K. and Strigini, L. (2019). Assessing the Safety and Reliability of Autonomous Vehicles from Road Testing. 2019 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE) 28-31 October. doi:10.1109/issre.2019.00012
  • Popov, P., Salako, K.O. and Stankovic, V. (2015). Stochastic modeling for performance evaluation of database replication protocols. 12th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems 1-3 September, Madrid, Spain. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22264-6_2
  • Jones, K. and Salako, K. (2013). Modeling Security Policy and the Effect for End-Users. HCI International 2013: 15th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 21-26 July, Las Vegas, Nevada, US.
  • Bloomfield, R.E., Chozos, N. and Salako, K. (2009). Current Capabilities, Requirements and a Proposed Strategy for Interdependency Analysis in the UK.
  • Bloomfield, R.E., Buzna, L., Popov, P.T., Salako, K. and Wright, D. (2009). Stochastic Modelling of the Effects of Interdependencies between Critical Infrastructure.
  • Salako, K. (2007). Bounds on the Reliability of Fault-Tolerant Software Built by Forcing Diversity.

Internet publication

  • Salako, K. Home Page.

Journal articles (7)

  • Salako, K. and Zhao, X. (2023). The Unnecessity of Assuming Statistically Independent Tests in Bayesian Software Reliability Assessments. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering pp. 1–9. doi:10.1109/tse.2022.3233802.

    [publisher’s website]

  • Zhao, X., Salako, K., Strigini, L., Robu, V. and Flynn, D. (2020). Assessing Safety-Critical Systems from Operational Testing: A Study on Autonomous Vehicles. Information and Software Technology pp. 1–1. doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106393.
  • Littlewood, B., Salako, K., Strigini, L. and Zhao, X. (2020). On reliability assessment when a software-based system is replaced by a thought-to-be-better one. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 197, pp. 106752–106752. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2019.106752.

    [publisher’s website]

  • Bloomfield, R.E., Popov, P., Salako, K., Stankovic, V. and Wright, D. (2017). Preliminary interdependency analysis: An approach to support critical-infrastructure risk-assessment. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 167, pp. 198–217. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2017.05.030.

    [publisher’s website]

  • Netkachov, O., Popov, P. and Salako, K. (2016). Model-Based Evaluation of the Resilience of Critical Infrastructures Under Cyber Attacks. pp. 231–243. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31664-2_24.

    [publisher’s website]

  • Netkachov, O., Popov, P. and Salako, K. (2014). Quantification of the Impact of Cyber Attack in Critical Infrastructures. pp. 316–327. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10557-4_35.

    [publisher’s website]

  • Salako, K. and Strigini, L. (2013). When does "Diversity" in Development Reduce Common Failures? Insights from Probabilistic Modelling. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 99(preprints). doi:10.1109/TDSC.2013.32.

    [publisher’s website]

Report

  • Salako, K., Strigini, L. and Zhao, X. (2021). Proofs of Conservative Confidence Bounds on PFD, Using Claims of Improved Reliability..

Software (3)

  • Salako, K., Stankovic, V. and Popov, P. (2015). Stochastic model for performance evaluation of database replication protocols..
  • Popov, P., Salako, K. and Stankovic, V. (2015). Stochastic Modeling for Performance Evaluation of Database Replication Protocols. Springer International Publishing.
  • Netkachov, O., Popov, P. and Salako, K. Simulation model of the extended Nordic32 network..

Help us to improve this page

City, University of London

  • Library Services
  • Moodle
  • Email
  • Staff directory
  • Term dates
  • Book a room
  • Schools and departments

Back to top

Contact us

Make an enquiry

  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • LinkedIn
  • YouTube
  • Weibo
  • Youku
  • WeChat
Social media directory

Find us

City, University of London
Northampton Square
London EC1V 0HB
United Kingdom

Campus map

Our global campuses

  • London
  • Dubai
  • Athena SWAN: Bronze Award
  • UKRI Research England logo

Useful links

  • Accessibility
  • Privacy policy
  • Cookies
  • City Store
  • Support City
  • Work for City
  • City Magazine
  • 中文

© 2023 City, University of London

University of London