Photocopying and Scanning

• Photocopying
• Scanning
• Photocopying and scanning for commercial use

Photocopying

Single photocopies may be made provided they conform to the safe copying limits listed on our copyright basics page

Multiple photocopies can be made for and on behalf of registered students and contracted members of City University staff with the following provisos:

• the copy must be made from an original copy of the book or journal which is owned by City University, or from a Copyright-Fee Paid photocopy obtained from the British Library
• copies can only be made for City University students or members of staff
• the material must be covered by the Licence which the University holds with the Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA). See the NOTE below
• copies made should not exceed the following restrictions: 5% or one chapter of a book; one article from a single journal issue
• the number of copies that can be made consists of one copy for each student on the course of study plus one copy for the tutor.

Scanning

Scans may be made only for purposes of non-commercial research or private study or conform to the other safe copying limits listed on our copyright basics page.

Scans for sharing with students can only be made under the terms of the University's CLA Licence. This permits most printed copyright material published in the UK, the USA and certain other international territories (see the NOTE below) to be made available in digital format to students in a controlled way, for example via module areas in Moodle.

Only authorised members of staff may make digital copies of this kind. Academic staff wanting to make digital copies of book chapters or journal articles available to their students should see information about the Library digital course readings service. Please contact your Subject Librarian for further information.

Neither staff nor students should prepare or distribute scanned extracts of copyright-protected material outside the terms of the licence without seeking permission, otherwise there is a serious risk of infringing copyright law.

Notes:

1. The Licence permits photocopying from most material published in the U.K., U.S.A., Australia, Canada, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Spain, South Africa or Switzerland. There are some exclusions to the Licence: 
   • list of UK publications excluded
   • list of US publications excluded
   • list of other international territories covered by the Licence (see "Scanning Mandate Territories" column)
2. The Licence does not cover newspapers, maps or printed music.
3. The Licence does not authorise the reproduction and distribution of native digital material, e.g. electronic journals and material available on the Internet.

Commercial use

The CLA Licence permits material to be photocopied and scanned under the terms listed above provided this is for purposes of teaching and learning. Copies for commercial use (for example, for collaborative research projects within the University) may be made under certain clearly-defined circumstances. These are detailed on page 11 of the CLA's user guidelines (pdf).

Further information

For further information please contact City University's CLA Licence Co-ordinator, Peter Williams, Library Services, Telephone: +44 (0)20 7040 5650

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